The second study of 39 adolescents found that over 1 year of continued use, DMPA was not associated with any mood changes.Īlthough some women report mood worsening on DMPA, more research is needed to determine how common this side effect is and if women with a history of mood disorder are more susceptible to such a side effect. Levels of depression in this group dropped to those observed in non-DMPA users within several months of the discontinuation of DMPA. ![]() The women who stopped using DMPA during the study had higher levels of depression immediately before or immediately after they discontinued DMPA than they had before starting DMPA. The first was a 3- year study of 183 women which found that women using DMPA had an increase in depressive symptoms when compared with women not using DMPA. Of two other studies that have examined the relationship between DMPA use and depression, one found a negative effect on mood and the other reported no relationship. If a significant proportion of those who discontinued did so because of mood worsening, we cannot conclude that DMPA use has no impact on mood. Furthermore, one of the limitations of this study is that it did not provide any information as to why such a large proportion of women discontinued DMPA use. It is important to note, however, that in this study women who discontinued DMPA had slightly higher baseline depression scores than continuers. Over the 12 month period, depression levels improved slightly in the women who continued using DMPA, and depression levels were unchanged in those who discontinued it. After 12 months, 34% of participants were still using DMPA, 44% had discontinued use, and 20% were lost to follow-up. ![]() This is based primarily on a one large study of 495 women who chose to use DMPA. The 2006 Bulletin of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that DMPA does not appear to be associated with mood worsening. Three more recent studies have used more structured assessments of mood to evaluate whether there are mood effects of DMPA use. In two older studies, between 1% and 5% of DMPA users reported experiencing depression or mood changes on the treatment, but these studies used brief non-standardized interviews. Although depression is listed in the packet insert as a side effect of the injection, available research addressing this side effect are limited and contradictory. Potential side effects of DMPA include bone density loss, weight gain, and mood worsening. DMPA contains a long-lasting form of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate that works as a contraceptive agent by preventing the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. Depo-Provera (DMPA), also known as the birth control shot, is a highly effective form of contraception that lasts for 3 months, and thus requires only 4 injections per year.
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